Ce document regroupe les codes TIKZ des figures utilisées pour le cours "Interactions magnétiques" situé à la page http://femto-physique.fr/electromagnetisme/Interaction magnétique.php
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
% J.Roussel
% MAJ : 2014-06-03
% Ce document regroupe les codes TIKZ des figures utilisées pour le cours "Interactions magnétiques" situé à la page http://femto-physique.fr/electromagnetisme/Interaction magnétique.php
%-------------------------------------------
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\input{styles_emag}
\title{Figures TikZ du cours "Interactions magnétiques"}
\begin{document}
% % 2015-12-10 : boussole
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{every pin/.style={fill=white,rectangle,font=\scriptsize,text width=1.5cm}}
\support{0.8}{0.2};
\draw[fill=black] (0,0)circle(3pt and 1pt);
\draw[line width=3pt] (0,0)--++(0,2);
\draw[fill=white,shift={(-1.35,1.7)}](0,0)--++(10:1.5)--++(20:1.5)--++(190:1.75)--cycle;
\draw[fill=red,shift={(-1.35,1.7)}](10:1.5)--++(20:1.5)--++(190:1.75)--cycle;
\node[coordinate,pin=above :{pôle sud\\magnétique}] at (-1.1,1.9) {};
\node[coordinate,pin=below :{pôle nord\\ magnétique}] at (1.1,2.1) {};
\draw[shift={(1.8,2.5)},->](0,0)--++(15:1) node[midway,above,rotate=15]{\scriptsize axe SN};
\end{tikzpicture}
% % 2015-12-10 : interaction entre aimants
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
\tikzset{every pin/.style={fill=white,rectangle,font=\scriptsize,text width=1.5cm}}
\support{0.8}{0.2};
\draw[fill=black] (0,0)circle(3pt and 1pt);
\draw[line width=3pt] (0,0)--++(0,2);
\draw[fill=white,shift={(-1.35,1.7)}](0,0)--++(10:1.5)--++(20:1.5)--++(190:1.75)--cycle;
\draw[fill=red,shift={(-1.35,1.7)}](10:1.5)--++(20:1.5)--++(190:1.75)--cycle;
\draw[->,thick](1.4,2.6)--++(160:0.5);
\begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]
\support{0.8}{0.2};
\draw[fill=black] (0,0)circle(3pt and 1pt);
\draw[line width=3pt] (0,0)--++(0,2);
\draw[fill=white,shift={(-1.35,1.7)}](0,0)--++(10:1.5)--++(20:1.5)--++(190:1.75)--cycle;
\draw[fill=red,shift={(-1.35,1.7)}](0,0)++(10:1.5)++(20:1.5)++(190:1.75)--(0,0)--++(10:1.5)--cycle;
\draw[->,thick](-1.3,1.6)--++(-20:0.5);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=8cm]
\support{0.8}{0.2};
\draw[fill=black] (0,0)circle(3pt and 1pt);
\draw[line width=3pt] (0,0)--++(0,2);
\draw[fill=white,shift={(-1.35,1.7)}](0,0)--++(10:1.5)--++(20:1.5)--++(190:1.75)--cycle;
\draw[fill=red,shift={(-1.35,1.7)}](10:1.5)--++(20:1.5)--++(190:1.75)--cycle;
\draw[->,thick](1.6,2.5)--++(-40:0.5);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=11cm]
\support{0.8}{0.2};
\draw[fill=black] (0,0)circle(3pt and 1pt);
\draw[line width=3pt] (0,0)--++(0,2);
\draw[fill=white,shift={(-1.35,1.7)}](0,0)--++(10:1.5)--++(20:1.5)--++(190:1.75)--cycle;
\draw[fill=red,shift={(-1.35,1.7)}](10:1.5)--++(20:1.5)--++(190:1.75)--cycle;
\draw[->,thick](-1.5,1.7)--++(140:0.5);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
% % 2015-12-16 limaille de fer
\begin{tikzpicture}[decoration={markings,mark=at position 1cm with {\arrow[monBleu]{stealth};}}]
\tikzset{every pin/.style={fill=white,rectangle,font=\footnotesize,text width=2.2cm}}
\draw[->,domain=0.1:5,color=monBleu,samples=50,postaction=decorate]plot ({\x}, {4*sqrt{\x}-\x-0.05*\x*\x});
\node[coordinate,pin=below :{ligne de champ}] at (4,3.2) {};
\draw[fill=white,shift={(1,2.93)},rotate=41](0,0)--++(0,-2pt)--++(-7pt,2pt)--++(7pt,2pt)--cycle;
\draw[fill=red,shift={(1,2.93)},rotate=41](0,0)--++(0,-2pt)--++(7pt,2pt)--++(-7pt,2pt)--cycle;
\draw[fill=white,shift={(1.42,3.23)},rotate=30](0,0)--++(0,-2pt)--++(-7pt,2pt)--++(7pt,2pt)--cycle;
\draw[fill=red,shift={(1.42,3.23)},rotate=30](0,0)--++(0,-2pt)--++(7pt,2pt)--++(-7pt,2pt)--cycle;
\draw[fill=white,shift={(1.9,3.42)},rotate=15](0,0)--++(0,-2pt)--++(-7pt,2pt)--++(7pt,2pt)--cycle;
\draw[fill=red,shift={(1.9,3.42)},rotate=15](0,0)--++(0,-2pt)--++(7pt,2pt)--++(-7pt,2pt)--cycle;
\draw[fill=white,shift={(2.4,3.5)},rotate=3](0,0)--++(0,-2pt)--++(-7pt,2pt)--++(7pt,2pt)--cycle;
\draw[fill=red,shift={(2.4,3.5)},rotate=3](0,0)--++(0,-2pt)--++(7pt,2pt)--++(-7pt,2pt)--cycle;
\draw[vecteur,color=monBleu](1,2.93)--++(41:1)node[above]{$\overrightarrow{B}$};
\draw[vecteur,color=monBleu](2.4,3.5)--++(3:1)node[above]{$\overrightarrow{B}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
% % 2015-12-11 : tube cathodique
% % trouvé sur http://tex.stackexchange.com/
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,decoration={markings,mark=at position 3cm with {\arrow[magenta]{stealth};}}]
\tikzset{every pin/.style={fill=white,rectangle,font=\footnotesize,text width=1.5cm}}
\coordinate (myOrigin) at (7.5,1.5);
\coordinate (myB) at (-1,1.5);
\coordinate (myC) at (-2,3.8);
\coordinate (myA) at (-1,3.5);
\clip (-6,-1.25)rectangle(8.5,8.25);
\draw[dashed,fill=lightgray] (-1,-1.5)rectangle(8,8.5);
\draw (50:10) circle(5pt)node{$\times$}node[right=5pt]{$\overrightarrow{B}$};
% replace nested foreach by grid; also draw it earlier so it does not paint over the red line
\draw (1,1) grid[shift={(-0.5,-0.5)}] (7,7);
% put a coordinate in the end for reference
% try not to mix units (e.g. cm/pt); use arcs to construct the curved part
\draw (-5.3,4) -- (-1.3,4) arc (270:360:0.3) arc (170:-170:4.5) arc (0:90:0.3) -- ++ (-4,0);
% you can draw the whole blue line in one command, use coordinate
\draw[magenta, very thick,postaction=decorate] (myA) -- (-1.5,3.5) (-1, 3.5) parabola (myOrigin);
% draw the electron source
\foreach \x in {0,1,2}
{ \fill[gray] (-1.5-\x/5,3.85) rectangle (-1.6-\x/5,3.2);
}
\draw (-2.1,3.2) rectangle (-1.5,3.85);
\draw[thick] (-2.3,3.55) arc (0:135:0.3) -- ++ (225:0.8);
\draw[thick] (-2.3,3.55) arc (0:-135:0.3) -- ++ (-225:0.8);
\fill[gray] (-5.3,3.1) rectangle (-3.3,3.95);
\node[coordinate,pin=above left :{canon à électrons}] at (myC) {};
\end{tikzpicture}
% % 2015-12-11 ordre de grandeur
\begin{tikzpicture}[yscale=0.75]
\draw[->] (0,0.5)--(0,7.8)node[right]{Champ magnétique};
\foreach \y/\ytext in {1/nT,2/$\mu$T,3/mT,4/T,5/kT,6/MT,7/GT}
\draw[shift={(0,\y)}] (6pt,0pt)--(0,0) node[left] {\ytext};
\foreach \y in {0.67,1.33,1.67,2.33,2.67,3.33,3.67,4.33,4.67,5.33,5.67,6.33,6.67,7.33,}
\draw[shift={(0,\y)}] (3pt,0pt)--(0,0);
\draw[ultra thick, gray,shift={(10pt,1)}](0,-0.33)--(0,0.33) node[midway,right=5pt,color=black]{\footnotesize Cosmos};
\draw[shift={(10pt,2.33)}]node[right=5pt]{\footnotesize Champ magnétique terrestre};
\draw[shift={(10pt,3.33)}]node[right=5pt]{\footnotesize Aimant};
\draw[shift={(10pt,2.67)}]node[right=5pt]{\footnotesize Tache solaire};
\draw[shift={(10pt,4.2)}]node[right=5pt]{\footnotesize Supraconducteur};
\draw[shift={(10pt,4.5)}]node[right=5pt]{\footnotesize 45T : record mondial};
\draw[ultra thick, gray,shift={(10pt,7)}](0,-0.33)--(0,0.33) node[midway,right=5pt,color=black]{\footnotesize Étoiles à neutron (pulsar, magnétar)};
\end{tikzpicture}
% % 2015-12-17 : orientation de la force magnétique
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8,x={(-0.353cm,-0.353cm)}, y={(1cm,0cm)}, z={(0cm,1cm)}]
\coordinate (O) at (0, 0, 0);
\coordinate (A) at (2,2,0);
\coordinate (M) at (4,4,0);
\coordinate (N) at (2,6,0);
\coordinate (B) at (4,4,-0.5);
\draw (O) -- ++(5, 0, 0) ;
\draw (O) -- +(0, 6, 0) ;
\draw (O) -- +(0, 0, 1) ;
\shade(O) --++(5.5,0,0)--++(0,6,0)--++(-5.5,0,0)--cycle;
\draw[tiret] (M)--(B);
\draw[vecteur](M)--++(1,-1,0) node[below left]{$q\overrightarrow{v}$};
\draw (B)--++(0,0,-.5);
\draw[vecteur] (M)--++(0,0,1) node[pos=0.5, right]{$\overrightarrow{B}$};
\draw[tiret] (N)--(M);
\draw (M)++(0.2,-0.2,0)--++(-0.2,-0.2,0)--++(-0.2,0.2,0);
\draw[force](M)--++($(A)-(M)$)node[above]{$\overrightarrow{f}$};
\draw[thin] (M) node{$\bullet$}node[below right=2pt]{M} --++(0,0,2) ;
\end{tikzpicture}
% % 2015-12-16 : Mouvement hélicoidal
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=0.8,x={(-0.1cm,-0.173cm)}, y={(1cm,0cm)}, z={(0cm,1cm)}]
\colorlet{darkblue}{blue!50!black};
\def \instant{3.7}
\coordinate (O) at (0, 0, 0);
\coordinate (M) at ({4* cos(2*\instant r)}, {4*sin(2*\instant r)},\instant);
\coordinate (Mxy) at ({4* cos(2*\instant r)}, {4*sin(2*\instant r)},0);
\coordinate (Mz) at (0, 0, \instant);
\draw[axis] (-1,0,0)--(O)--++(5,0,0);
\draw[axis] (0,-1,0)--(O)--++(0,5,0);
\draw[axis,->] (O)--++(0,0,6) ;
\draw[->,gray] (2,2,0)--++(0,0,6);
\draw[->,gray] (-2,2,0)--++(0,0,6);
\draw[->,gray] (2,-2,0)--++(0,0,6);
\draw[->,gray] (-2,-2,0)--++(0,0,6);
\draw (M) node{$\bullet$} node[below right, ]{$q$};
\draw[axis, dashed] (M)--(Mz);
\draw[dashed] (0,4,0)--++(0,0,5.5);
\draw[dashed] (0,-4,0)--++(0,0,5.5);
\draw[->,thick,color=magenta, opacity=0.7, variable=\x, samples at={0,0.02,...,4.4}]
plot ({4* cos(2.0*\x r)}, {4*sin(2.0*\x r)},\x);
\draw[dashed] (0,0,5.5) circle(4);
\draw[dashed] (0,0,0) circle(4);
\fill[lightgray] (M)--++({-sin(2*\instant r)}, {cos(2*\instant r)},0.125) to[bend right] ($(M)+(0,0,0.5)$)--cycle;
\draw[force] (M)--++ ({-2*cos(2*\instant r)}, {-2*sin(2*\instant r)},0) node[left,fill=white] {$\overrightarrow{F}$};
\draw[vecteur] (M)--++(0,0,1.25) node[above,fill=white]{$\overrightarrow{B}$};
\draw[vecteur] (M)--++({-2*sin(2*\instant r)}, {2*cos(2*\instant r)},0.25) node[above] {$\overrightarrow{v}$};
\draw[vecteur] (4,0,0)--++(0,2,0.25)node[above,fill=white]{$\overrightarrow{v_0}$};
\draw (M)++(0,0.3,0.7)node{$\alpha$};
\end{tikzpicture}
% % 2015-12-14 : cyclotron
\begin{tikzpicture}[decoration={markings,mark=at position 1cm with {\arrow{stealth}},mark=at position 3cm with {\arrow{stealth}}}]
\tikzset{every pin/.style={fill=white,rectangle,font=\footnotesize,text width=1.7cm}}
\def \rayon{2.5}
\draw[shift={(0,5pt)},fill=monBleu](0:\rayon)arc(0:180:\rayon)--cycle;
\draw[shift={(0,-5pt)},fill=monBleu](0:\rayon)arc(0:-160:\rayon)|-(0:\rayon);
\draw[dashed,postaction=decorate,white] (-0.5,5pt)--++(0,-10pt) arc(-180:0:0.5)--++(0,10pt) arc(0:180:{sqrt(2)/2})--++(0,-10pt) arc(-180:0:{sqrt(3)/2})--++(0,10pt) arc(0:180:{1})--++(0,-10pt) arc(-180:0:{sqrt(5)/2})--++(0,10pt) arc(0:180:{sqrt(6)/2})--++(0,-10pt) arc(-180:0:{sqrt(7)/2})--++(0,10pt) arc(0:180:{sqrt(8)/2})--++(0,-10pt) arc(-180:0:{sqrt(9)/2})--++(0,10pt) arc(0:180:{sqrt(10)/2})--++(0,-10pt) arc(-180:0:{sqrt(11)/2})--++(0,10pt) arc(0:180:{sqrt(12)/2})--++(0,-10pt) arc(-180:0:{sqrt(13)/2})--++(0,10pt) arc(0:180:{sqrt(14)/2})--++(0,-10pt) arc(-180:0:{sqrt(15)/2})--++(0,10pt) arc(0:180:2)--++(0,-10pt) arc(-180:0:{sqrt(17)/2})--++(0,10pt) arc(0:180:{sqrt(18)/2})--++(0,-10pt) arc(-180:0:{sqrt(19)/2})--++(0,10pt) arc(0:180:{sqrt(20)/2});
\draw (-0.5,3pt)node{•}--++(0,-8pt)++(1,0)--++(0,10pt)++({-sqrt(2)},0)--++(0,-10pt) ++({sqrt(3)},0)--++(0,10pt)++(-2,0)--++(0,-10pt)++({sqrt(5)},0)--++(0,10pt)++({-sqrt(6)},0)--++(0,-10pt)++({sqrt(7)},0)--++(0,10pt)++({-sqrt(8)},0)--++(0,-10pt)++({sqrt(9)},0)--++(0,10pt)++({-sqrt(10)},0)--++(0,-10pt)++({sqrt(11)},0)--++(0,10pt)++({-sqrt(12)},0)--++(0,-10pt)++({sqrt(13)},0)--++(0,10pt)++({-sqrt(14)},0)--++(0,-10pt)++({sqrt(15)},0)--++(0,10pt)++(-4,0)--++(0,-10pt)++({sqrt(17)},0)--++(0,10pt)++({-sqrt(18)},0)--++(0,-10pt)++({sqrt(19)},0)--++(0,10pt);
\node[color=white] at(1.5,1.5) {$\odot\;\overrightarrow{B}$};
\draw[thick,postaction=decorate,shift={(-2.4,5pt)}] (0,0)--(0,-\rayon);
\draw[ultra thick,shift={(-2.4,5pt)}](-10pt,-\rayon)--++(20pt,0)node[midway,below]{\small cible};
\draw[thick,monBleu,->,shift={(2.2,0)}](0,-4pt)--(0,4pt)node[midway,right]{\scriptsize $\overrightarrow{E}(t)$};
\draw[thick,monBleu,->,shift={(0,0)}](0,-4pt)--(0,4pt);
\draw[thick,monBleu,->,shift={(-2.2,0)}](0,-4pt)--(0,4pt);
\draw[shift={(2.5,5pt)}] (0,0)--(0.5,0)--++(30:10pt)--++(0.5,0);
\draw[shift={(2.5,-5pt)}] (0,0)--(0.5,0)--++(-30:10pt)--++(0.5,0);
\GBFV{shift={(3.8,0)},scale=0.7}{$U\cos(\omega_{\text{c}}\,t)$};
\node[coordinate,pin=right :{"Dee" 1}] at (50:2.6) {};
\node[coordinate,pin=right :{"Dee" 2}] at (-50:2.6) {};
\node[coordinate,pin=left :{Faisceau de particules}] at (-2.4,-2) {};
\draw[thin,lightgray](-0.5,3pt)--++(180:2.5)node[black,left,text width=1.7cm]{\footnotesize Injection de particules};
\end{tikzpicture}
% % 2015-12-22 : spectre de masse
\begin{tikzpicture}[decoration={coil,aspect=0.5,segment length=3pt,amplitude=3pt}]
\tikzset{every pin/.style={rectangle,font=\footnotesize,text width=2.5cm}}
\draw[fill=monBleu] (90:2)--++(90:3) arc(90:0:5)--++(-180:3) arc(0:90:2);%aimant
\draw[dashed,white] (90:3)arc(90:0:3);%orifice dans l'aimant
\draw[dashed,white] (90:4)arc(90:0:4);%idem
\draw[white](80:4.5)node{$\odot\;\overrightarrow{B}$};
\node[coordinate,pin=above right :{électroaimant}] at (45:5) {};
%chambre d'ionisation et d'accélération
\draw[shift={(-4.5,3.5)}](0,0.2)--++(.5,0)--++(0,0.3)--++(4,0);
\draw[shift={(-4.5,3.5)}](0,-0.2)--++(.5,0)--++(0,-0.3)--++(4,0);
\draw[vecteur](-5,3.5)node[left]{\footnotesize injection}--++(10pt,0);
\draw[shift={(-3,3)}](0,0)--++(0,.45)++(0,0.1)--++(0,0.45);%fente
\draw[shift={(-2.5,3)}](0,0)--++(0,.45)++(0,0.1)--++(0,0.45);
\draw[shift={(-2,3)}](0,0)--++(0,.45)++(0,0.1)--++(0,0.45);
\draw[shift={(-3.5,3.8)}] (-10pt,10pt)--++(0,-10pt)--++(20pt,0)--++(0,10pt);
\fill[white,shift={(-3.5,3.8)}] (-10pt,-3pt) rectangle (10pt,3pt);
\draw[decorate,shift={(-3.5,3.8)}] (-10pt,0)--++(20pt,0);
\draw[thick,shift={(-3.5,3)}](0,-5pt)--++(0,10pt)++(5pt,0)--++(-10pt,0);
\node[coordinate,pin=below :{ionisation}] at (-3.4,3) {};
\node[coordinate,pin=above :{accélération et filtrage de vitesse}] at (-2.4,4) {};
%chambre de détection
\draw(4,0)--++(0,-0.5)--++(10pt,0)++(0,-.2)--++(-10pt,0)--++(0,-.8);
\draw(3,0)--++(0,-1.5);%chambre de détection
\draw[shift={(4,-1)},rotate=90](0,0)--++(0,.45)++(0,0.1)--++(0,0.45);%fente
\draw[ultra thick](3,-1.5)--++(1,0);%detecteur
\node[coordinate,pin=right :{détecteur}] at (4,-1.5) {};
\draw[vecteur](4,-0.6)--++(0.5,0)node[right]{\footnotesize pompe à vide};
%trajectoire
\draw[vecteur](-2,3.5)--++(0.5,0)node[midway,above]{$\overrightarrow{v_0}$};
\draw[->,thick] (-1.4,3.5)--(90:3.5)arc(90:0:3.5)--++(-90:1.4);
\draw[->,thick] (90:3.5)arc(90:0:3);
\draw[->,thick] (90:3.5)arc(90:30:4.3);
\node[coordinate,pin=below :{ions moléculaires positifs}] at (-0.5,3.5) {};
\end{tikzpicture}
% 2015-12-26 : effet hall
\begin{tikzpicture} [x={(0cm,1cm)},y={(1cm,0cm)},z={(0.353cm,0.353cm)}]
\tikzset{every pin/.style={rectangle,font=\footnotesize}}
% voltmètre
\node[draw,circle,fill=gray!50,,minimum height=.5cm] (Voltmetre)at(-1,4.7,2) {V};
\draw (0.15,4.7,0) node{•}--++(0,0,-1)--++(-1.15,0,0)--(Voltmetre);
\draw (0.15,4.7,4) node{•}--++(0,0,1)--++(-1.15,0,0)--(Voltmetre);
% dessin de la barette semiconductrice
\draw (0,0,0)--++(0.3,0,0);
\draw (0,5,0)--++(0.3,0,0);
\draw (0,5,4)--++(0.3,0,0);
\draw (0,0,4)--++(0.3,0,0);
\draw(0,0,0)--++(0,0,4)--++(0,5,0)--++(0,0,-4)--cycle;%face inférieure 3x4 cm
\draw[fill=lightgray,opacity=0.5](0.3,0,0)--++(0,0,4)--++(0,5,0)--++(0,0,-4)--cycle;%face supérieure
\draw[fill=lightgray!20,opacity=0.5](0.3,0,0)--++(0,5,0)--++(-0.3,0,0)--++(0,-5,0)--cycle;%face avant
\draw[fill=gray,opacity=0.5](0,5,0)--++(0,0,4)--++(0.3,0,0)--++(0,0,-4)--cycle;%face de droite
\draw[|<->|,shift={(0,-0.2,0)}](0,0,0)--++(0.3,0,0)node[midway,left]{$a$};
\draw[|<->|,shift={(0.5,0,4)}](0,0,0)--++(0,5,0)node[midway,above]{$\ell$};
\draw[<->,shift={(0,-0.2,0)}](0.3,0,0)--++(0,0,4)node[pos=0.8,left=2pt]{$b$};
% lignes de champ magnétique
\draw[thin,decoration={markings,mark=at position 1.5cm with {\arrow{stealth}}},postaction=decorate,monBleu](-1,1,0.5)--++(0.8,0,0)++(.5,0,0)--++(1.5,0,0);
\draw[thin,decoration={markings,mark=at position 1.5cm with {\arrow{stealth}}},postaction=decorate,monBleu,shift={(0,1.5,0)}](-1,1,0.5)--++(0.8,0,0)++(.5,0,0)--++(1.5,0,0);
\draw[thin,decoration={markings,mark=at position 1.5cm with {\arrow{stealth}}},postaction=decorate,monBleu,shift={(0,3,0)}](-1,1,0.5)--++(0.8,0,0)++(.5,0,0)--++(1.5,0,0);
\draw[thin,decoration={markings,mark=at position 1cm with {\arrow{stealth}}},postaction=decorate,monBleu,shift={(0,0,2)}](0.3,1,0.5)--++(1.5,0,0);
\draw[thin,decoration={markings,mark=at position 1cm with {\arrow{stealth}}},postaction=decorate,monBleu,shift={(0,1.5,2)}](0.3,1,0.5)--++(1.5,0,0);
\draw[thin,decoration={markings,mark=at position 1cm with {\arrow{stealth}}},postaction=decorate,monBleu,shift={(0,3,2)}](0.3,1,0.5)--++(1.5,0,0);
% courant électrique
\foreach \z in{1.5,2,2.5}{
\draw[decoration={markings,mark=at position .5cm with {\arrow{stealth}}},postaction=decorate](.15,6,\z)--++(0,-1,0);
\draw[->](.15,-0.5,\z)--++(0,-1.5,0);
}
\draw (.15,6,2)node[right]{$I$};
% les charges
\foreach \y in {0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5}
\draw (0.15,\y,0)node{\small +};
\foreach \y in {0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5}
\draw (0.15,\y,4)node{\small -};
\draw[vecteur](0.15,2.5,2)node{•}node[below=2pt]{\small $q$}--++(0,1,0)node[right]{$\overrightarrow{v}$};
\draw[vecteur](0.15,2.5,2)--++(0,0,1)node[right]{\small $\overrightarrow{F_{\text{m}}}$};
\draw[vecteur](0.15,2.5,2)--++(0,0,-1)node[left]{\small $\overrightarrow{F_{\text{H}}}$};
\node[coordinate,pin=below left :{ligne de champ magnétique}] at (-1.1,2.5,0.5) {};
\end{tikzpicture}
% %2015-12-17 : travail des forces de Lpalace
\begin{tikzpicture}[decoration={markings,mark=at position 1cm with {\arrow{stealth}}}]
\tikzset{every pin/.style={fill=white,rectangle,font=\footnotesize,text width=2.5cm}}
\coordinate (A) at (0, 0);
\coordinate (D) at (40:2);
\coordinate (B) at (4,0);
\draw[dashed,pattern=horizontal lines light gray](A)--(D)--++(0.5,0)node[above]{\small D'}--++(-140:2)node[below]{\small A'}-- cycle;
\draw[dashed,pattern=horizontal lines light gray](B)--++(1,0)node[below]{\small B'}--++(40:2)node[above]{\small C'}--++(-1,0)-- cycle;
\draw[thick] (A)node[below]{\small A}--(D)node[above]{\small D}--++(4,0)node[above]{\small C}--(B)node[below]{\small B}--cycle;
\draw[vecteur] (A)++(40:1)--++(-140:10pt)node[left=5pt]{$I$};
\draw[vecteur] (A)++(40:1)++(4,0)--++(40:10pt);
\draw[vecteur] (40:1)++(2,0)--++(0,.5)node[pos=.5,left]{$\overrightarrow{n}$};
\draw[force](A)++(40:1.2)--++(-1.2,0)node[pos=0.5,above]{$\overrightarrow{F_1}$};
\draw[force](A)++(4,0)++(40:0.8)--++(1.2,0)node[right]{$\overrightarrow{F_2}$};
\draw[monBleu,postaction=decorate](1.5,-.5)--++(0,.5)++(0,.3)--++(0,1.5);
\draw[monBleu,postaction=decorate,shift={(2,0)}](1.5,-.5)--++(0,.5)++(0,.3)--++(0,1.5);
\draw[monBleu,postaction=decorate,shift={(40:1)}](1.5,-0.5)++(0,.8)--++(0,1.5);
\draw[monBleu,postaction=decorate,shift={(2.77,.64)}](1.5,-0.5)++(0,.8)--++(0,1.5);
\node[coordinate,pin=above right :{ligne de champ magnétique}] at (4.5,1.5) {};
\end{tikzpicture}
%
% % 2015-12-25 : règle du flux maximum
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1]
%attraction d'une spire par un aimant
\aimant{shift={(1,0)}};
\draw[shift={(-1,0)},rotate=20] (0,1) arc(100:440:0.4 and 1);
\draw[shift={(-1,0)},rotate=20,thick,decoration={markings,mark=at position 0.5cm with {\arrow[]{stealth};}},postaction=decorate] (0,1) arc(100:270:0.4 and 1);
\draw[shift={(-1,0)},rotate=20,decoration={markings,mark=at position 2cm with {\arrow[]{stealth};}},postaction=decorate](0,4)--++(0,-3);
\draw[shift={(-1,0)},rotate=20,decoration={markings,mark=at position 2cm with {\arrow[]{stealth};}},postaction=decorate](0,1)++(4pt,0)--++(0,3);
\draw[shift={(-1cm+2pt,0)},rotate=20,<->] (210:0.3 and .75) arc(210:150:0.3 and .75)--(-30:0.3 and .75)arc(-30:30:0.3 and .75);
\draw[force,shift={(-1,0)}](2pt,0)--++(1.5,0)node[midway,below]{$\overrightarrow{B}$};
\draw[force,shift={(-2,0)}](2pt,0)--++(0.4,0)node[midway,below]{$\overrightarrow{B}$};
\draw[->,shift={(-1,0)},rotate=20](2pt,0)node{$\bullet$}--++(1,0)node[right]{$\overrightarrow{n}$};
\draw[shift={(-1,0)},rotate=20](0,2)node[left=2pt]{$I$};
\draw (0,4)node{Expérience 1};
%répulsion d'une spire par un aimant
\draw[dashed,thick,gray](4,-1)--++(0,5);
\aimant{shift={(9,0)}};
\draw[shift={(6,0)},rotate=-20] (0,1) arc(100:440:0.4 and 1);
\draw[shift={(6,0)},rotate=-20,thick,decoration={markings,mark=at position 0.5cm with {\arrowreversed{stealth};}},postaction=decorate] (0,1) arc(100:270:0.4 and 1);
\draw[shift={(6,0)},rotate=-20,decoration={markings,mark=at position 2cm with {\arrowreversed{stealth};}},postaction=decorate](0,4)--++(0,-3);
\draw[shift={(6,0)},rotate=-20,decoration={markings,mark=at position 2cm with {\arrowreversed{stealth};}},postaction=decorate](0,1)++(4pt,0)--++(0,3);
\draw[shift={(6cm+2pt,0)},rotate=-20,<->] (50:0.3 and 0.75) arc(50:130:0.3 and 0.75)--(-50:0.3 and .75)arc(-50:-130:0.3 and 0.75);
\draw[force,shift={(7,0)}](2pt,0)--++(1.5,0)node[midway,below]{$\overrightarrow{B}$};
\draw[force,shift={(6,0)}](2pt,0)--++(0.4,0)node[midway,below]{$\overrightarrow{B}$};
\draw[->,shift={(6,0)},rotate=-20](2pt,0)node{$\bullet$}--++(-1,0)node[above]{$\overrightarrow{n}$};
\draw[shift={(6,0)},rotate=-20](0,2)node[left=2pt]{$I$};
\draw (8,4)node{Expérience 2};
\end{tikzpicture}
% 2015-12-30 : dipole magnétique
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1,decoration={markings,mark=at position 0.5cm with {\arrow[]{stealth};}}]
\tikzset{every pin/.style={fill=white,rectangle,font=\footnotesize,text width=2.5cm}}
\draw[rotate=-60,pattern=horizontal lines light gray] circle(1 and 0.3);
\draw[->,thick](0,0)--++(30:1.6)node[right]{$\overrightarrow{m}=I\,S\,\overrightarrow{n}$};
\draw[rotate=-60,thick,postaction=decorate] (-1,0) arc(-180:0:1 and 0.3);
\draw (140:0.7)node[left]{$I$};
\draw[dashed](-60:1)--(120:1);
\draw[rotate=30] (5pt,0)|-(0,5pt);
\node[coordinate,pin=right :{aire $S$}] at (0.4,-.5) {};
\end{tikzpicture}
% % 2015-10-20 : dipole dans un champ extérieur
\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=1,decoration={markings,mark=at position 0.5cm with {\arrow[]{stealth};}}]
\foreach \X in {0,...,3}
\foreach \Y in {0,...,2}
\draw[color=black!60,->] (\X,\Y)--++(0.8,0);
\draw[->,thick] (2,1)node{$\bullet$}--++(30:1.6)node[right]{$\overrightarrow{m}$};
\draw (4,0)node[above left]{$\overrightarrow{B}$};
\draw[shift={(2,1)},->] (0.5,0) arc(0:30:0.5);
\draw (2,1)+(15:0.8)node{$\theta$};
\draw[shift={(2,1)},rotate=-60] circle(1 and 0.3);
\draw[shift={(2,1)},rotate=-60,thick,postaction=decorate] (-1,0) arc(-180:0:1 and 0.3);
\end{tikzpicture}
% \qquad
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
height=4cm,
axis lines=middle,
inner axis line style={=>},
xlabel style={anchor=west},
ylabel style={anchor=south},
xlabel={$\theta$},
ylabel={$\mathcal{E}_{\text{p}}^{\text{mag}}$},
xtick={-3.14,3.14},
xticklabels={$-\pi$,$\pi$},
xticklabel style={font=\footnotesize},
yticklabel style={font=\footnotesize},
ytick={-1,1},
yticklabels={$\mathcal{E}_{\text{min}}$,$\mathcal{E}_{\text{max}}$},
ymin=-1.2,
ymax=1.2,
xmin=-4,
xmax=4,]
\addplot+[mark=none,domain=-4:4,samples=100]{-cos(deg(x))};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}