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LaTeX is widely used in science and programming has become an important aspect in several areas of science, hence the need for a tool that properly displays code. In this article is explained how to use the standard verbatim environment as well as the package listings, which provide more advanced code-formatting features. Contents 1 Introduction 2 The verbatim environment 3 Using listings to highlight code 4 Importing code from a file 5 Code styles and colours 6 Captions and the list of Listings 7 Reference guide 7.1 Supported languages 7.2 Options to customize code listing styles 8 Further reading  Introduction Displaying code in LaTeX is straightforward. For instance, using the lstlisting environment: \begin{lstlisting} import numpy as np   def incmatrix(genl1,genl2): m = len(genl1) n = len(genl2) M = None #to become the incidence matrix VT = np.zeros((n*m,1), int) #dummy variable   #compute the bitwise xor matrix M1 = bitxormatrix(genl1) M2 = np.triu(bitxormatrix(genl2),1)   for i in range(m-1): for j in range(i+1, m): [r,c] = np.where(M2 == M1[i,j]) for k in range(len(r)): VT[(i)*n + r[k]] = 1; VT[(i)*n + c[k]] = 1; VT[(j)*n + r[k]] = 1; VT[(j)*n + c[k]] = 1;   if M is None: M = np.copy(VT) else: M = np.concatenate((M, VT), 1)   VT = np.zeros((n*m,1), int)   return M \end{lstlisting} In this example, the outupt ignores all LaTeX commands and the text is printed keeping all the line breaks and white spaces typed. To use the lstlisting environment you have to add the next line to the preamble of your document: \usepackage{listings}   Open an example of the listings package in ShareLaTeX  The verbatim environment The default tool to display code in LaTeX is verbatim, which generates an output in monospaced font. \begin{verbatim} Text enclosed inside \texttt{verbatim} environment is printed directly and all \LaTeX{} commands are ignored. \end{verbatim} Just as in the example at the introduction, all text is printed keeping line breaks and white spaces. There's a starred version of this command whose output is slightly different. \begin{verbatim*} Text enclosed inside \texttt{verbatim} environment is printed directly and all \LaTeX{} commands are ignored. \end{verbatim*} In this case white spaces are emphasized with a special symbol. Verbatim-like text can also be used in a paragraph by means of the \verb command. In the directory \verb|C:\Windows\system32| you can find a lot of Windows system applications.   The \verb+\ldots+ command produces \ldots The command \verb|C:\Windows\system32| prints the text inside the delimiters | in verbatim format. Any character, except letters and *, can be used as delimiter. For instance \verb+\ldots+ uses + as delimiter.   Open an example in ShareLaTeX  Using listings to highlight code In the introduction a basic example of the package listings was presented, let's see a second example: \begin{lstlisting}[language=Python] import numpy as np   def incmatrix(genl1,genl2): m = len(genl1) n = len(genl2) M = None #to become the incidence matrix VT = np.zeros((n*m,1), int) #dummy variable   #compute the bitwise xor matrix M1 = bitxormatrix(genl1) M2 = np.triu(bitxormatrix(genl2),1)   for i in range(m-1): for j in range(i+1, m): [r,c] = np.where(M2 == M1[i,j]) for k in range(len(r)): VT[(i)*n + r[k]] = 1; VT[(i)*n + c[k]] = 1; VT[(j)*n + r[k]] = 1; VT[(j)*n + c[k]] = 1;   if M is None: M = np.copy(VT) else: M = np.concatenate((M, VT), 1)   VT = np.zeros((n*m,1), int)   return M \end{lstlisting} The additional parameter inside brackets [language=Python] enables code highlighting for this particular programming language (Python), special words are in boldface font and comments are italicized. See the reference guide for a complete list of supported programming languages.   Open an example of the listings package in ShareLaTeX  Importing code from a file Code is usually stored in a source file, therefore a command that automatically pulls code from a file becomes very handy. The next code will be directly imported from a file   \lstinputlisting[language=Octave]{BitXorMatrix.m} The command \lstinputlisting[language=Octave]{BitXorMatrix.m} imports the code from the file BitXorMatrix.m, the additional parameter in between brackets enables language highlighting for the Octave programming language. If you need to import only part of the file you can specify two comma-separated parameters inside the brackets. For instance, to import the code from the line 2 to the line 12, the previous command becomes \lstinputlisting[language=Octave, firstline=2, lastline=12]{BitXorMatrix.m} If firstline or lastline is omitted, it's assumed that the values are the beginning of the file, or the bottom of the file, respectively.   Open an example of the listings package in ShareLaTeX  Code styles and colours Code formatting with the listing package is highly customisable. Let's see an example \documentclass{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}   \usepackage{listings} \usepackage{color}   \definecolor{codegreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} \definecolor{codegray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5} \definecolor{codepurple}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82} \definecolor{backcolour}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.92}   \lstdefinestyle{mystyle}{ backgroundcolor=\color{backcolour}, commentstyle=\color{codegreen}, keywordstyle=\color{magenta}, numberstyle=\tiny\color{codegray}, stringstyle=\color{codepurple}, basicstyle=\footnotesize, breakatwhitespace=false, breaklines=true, captionpos=b, keepspaces=true, numbers=left, numbersep=5pt, showspaces=false, showstringspaces=false, showtabs=false, tabsize=2 }   \lstset{style=mystyle}   \begin{document} The next code will be directly imported from a file   \lstinputlisting[language=Octave]{BitXorMatrix.m} \end{document} As you see, the code colouring and styling greatly improves readability. In this example the package color is imported and then the command \definecolor{}{}{} is used to define new colours in rgb format that will later be used. The package xcolor also works for this. For more information see: using colours in LaTeX There are essentially two commands that generate the style for this example: \lstdefinestyle{mystyle}{...} Defines a new code listing style called "mystyle". Inside the second pair of braces the options that define this style are passed; see the reference guide for a full description of these and some other parameters. \lstset{style=mystyle} Enables the style "mystyle". This command can be used within your document to switch to a different style if needed.   Open an example of the listings package in ShareLaTeX  Captions and the list of Listings Just like in floats (tables and figures), captions can be added to a listing for a more clear presentation. \begin{lstlisting}[language=Python, caption=Python example] import numpy as np   def incmatrix(genl1,genl2): m = len(genl1) n = len(genl2) M = None #to become the incidence matrix VT = np.zeros((n*m,1), int) #dummy variable   #compute the bitwise xor matrix M1 = bitxormatrix(genl1) M2 = np.triu(bitxormatrix(genl2),1)   for i in range(m-1): for j in range(i+1, m): [r,c] = np.where(M2 == M1[i,j]) for k in range(len(r)): VT[(i)*n + r[k]] = 1; VT[(i)*n + c[k]] = 1; VT[(j)*n + r[k]] = 1; VT[(j)*n + c[k]] = 1;   if M is None: M = np.copy(VT) else: M = np.concatenate((M, VT), 1)   VT = np.zeros((n*m,1), int)   return M \end{lstlisting} Adding the comma-separated parameter caption=Python example inside the brackets, enables the caption. This caption can be later used in the list of Listings. \lstlistoflistings   Open an example of the listings package in ShareLaTeX  Reference guide  Supported languages supported languages (and its dialects if possible, dialects are specified in brackets and default dialects are italized): ABAP (R/2 4.3, R/2 5.0, R/3 3.1, R/3 4.6C, R/3 6.10) ACSL Ada (2005, 83, 95) Algol (60, 68) Ant Assembler (Motorola68k, x86masm) Awk (gnu, POSIX) bash Basic (Visual) C (ANSI, Handel, Objective, Sharp) C++ (ANSI, GNU, ISO, Visual) Caml (light, Objective) CIL Clean Cobol (1974, 1985, ibm) Comal 80 command.com (WinXP) Comsol csh Delphi Eiffel Elan erlang Euphoria Fortran (77, 90, 95) GCL Gnuplot Haskell HTML IDL (empty, CORBA) inform Java (empty, AspectJ) JVMIS ksh Lingo Lisp (empty, Auto) Logo make (empty, gnu) Mathematica (1.0, 3.0, 5.2) Matlab Mercury MetaPost Miranda Mizar ML Modula-2 MuPAD NASTRAN Oberon-2 OCL (decorative, OMG) Octave Oz Pascal (Borland6, Standard, XSC) Perl PHP PL/I Plasm PostScript POV Prolog Promela PSTricks Python R Reduce Rexx RSL Ruby S (empty, PLUS) SAS Scilab sh SHELXL Simula (67, CII, DEC, IBM) SPARQL SQL tcl (empty, tk) TeX (AlLaTeX, common, LaTeX, plain, primitive) VBScript Verilog VHDL (empty, AMS) VRML (97) XML XSLT  Options to customize code listing styles backgroundcolor - colour for the background. External color or xcolor package needed. commentstyle - style of comments in source language. basicstyle - font size/family/etc. for source (e.g. basicstyle=\ttfamily\small) keywordstyle - style of keywords in source language (e.g. keywordstyle=\color{red}) numberstyle - style used for line-numbers numbersep - distance of line-numbers from the code stringstyle - style of strings in source language showspaces - emphasize spaces in code (true/false) showstringspaces - emphasize spaces in strings (true/false) showtabs - emphasize tabulators in code (true/false) numbers - position of line numbers (left/right/none, i.e. no line numbers) prebreak - displaying mark on the end of breaking line (e.g. prebreak=\raisebox{0ex}[0ex][0ex]{\ensuremath{\hookleftarrow}}) captionpos - position of caption (t/b) frame - showing frame outside code (none/leftline/topline/bottomline/lines/single/shadowbox) breakwhitespace - sets if automatic breaks should only happen at whitespaces breaklines - automatic line-breaking keepspaces - keep spaces in the code, useful for indetation tabsize - default tabsize escapeinside - specify characters to escape from source code to LaTeX (e.g. escapeinside={\%*}{*)}) rulecolor - Specify the colour of the frame-box   Open an example of the listings package in ShareLaTeX  Further reading For more information see: Code Highlighting with minted Using colours in LaTeX Table of contents Management in a large project Multi-file LaTeX projects Font sizes, families, and styles Font typefaces listings package documentation listings CTAN website